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A Flatworm-Like Hydrogel with Surface Double-Network Structure for Re-Programmable Multimode Actuations
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DOI：10.1002/adfm.202410348.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Programmable stimuli-responsive hydrogels have rapidly developed for various complex biomimetic actuations, but they commonly can only be programmed once. Herein, a flatworm-like hydrogel (FLH) with bi-surface double-network structure (photothermal-responsive FLH-1 and pH-responsive FLH-2) has been explored, through UV-polymerizing sodium poly(methylacrylic-acid) (PMAA-Na) and poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) second-networks on two surfaces of polyacrylamide-graphene (PAAm-G) substrate hydrogel first-network respectively. First, the graphene can both control the thickness of the UV-polymerized surface second-network and endow the FLH with high-efficient photothermal conversion for near-infrared light (NIR)-responsive actuation. More importantly, different from common pH-/photothermal bi-responsive actuating hydrogels, one FLH can be designed as various original shapes by pH-responsive FLH-2, for reprogrammable NIR-responsive multimode complex actuations via FLH-1. Finally, the FLH-1 and FLH-2 can be strongly integrated together by the interpenetrating structure of flatworm-like structure between second-network and first-network, to endow the FLH with excellent stability for enduring complex deformations. Consequently, the synergy of re-programmable original shapes via FLH-2 and NIR-responsive actuation by FLH-1, can endow one FLH with multimode actuations for high-level biomimetic devices. This work can provide a general method by non-touching design of re-programmable hydrogel with two stimuli-responsive layers for multimode complex actuations, which also will inspire explorations of other reprogrammable intelligent materials.
Keywords:
biomimetics
re-programmability
stimuli-responsive deformational hydrogels
surface double-network
synergistic actuation
Journal
IF:
19
Papers:
3.4W
Citations:
32.1W
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