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A Low-Power Single-Ended SAR ADC With Energy-Efficient Differential Switching for Ultrafast X-Ray Imagers

delete2026-01-01
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PRE
AI
A
Aldo Peña-Perez *
H
H. Hernandez-Herrera
L
Llorenç Fanals-i-Batllori
L
Lorenzo Rota
H
H. Y. Kim
A
A. Gupta
B
Bojan Marković
L
Liu, Gang
F
Filippo Mele
P
P. King
C
C. Bakalis
D
D. Doering
N
N. Mishra
A
A. Dragone
DOI:10.1109/OJCAS.2025.3628857delete
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Abstract

Abstract

En 中文
This work presents a SAR ADC architecture designed for single-ended-to-differential conversion with low-energy switching and area efficiency. By incorporating top and bottom sampling techniques, the architecture achieves seamless conversion without the need for extra DAC hardware. It offers configurable fully-differential or single-ended modes by means of Vcm-based switching. With 75 % reduced total capacitance compared to the conventional method, consistent energy savings are achieved across configurations. Implemented in 130 nm CMOS, this design features an array of 48 ADCs and custom on-chip voltage references integrated within the SparkPix-S ASIC, a device tailored for X-ray imagers. With a nominal sampling rate of 5 MSps and 1.2 V supply voltage, the achieved SNDR is 54.5 dB, with +0.98/ -0.86 LSB of DNL and +0.83/ - 1.26 LSB of INL. The core SAR ADC average power consumption is 96 & micro;W, resulting in a FOM of 40.1 fl/conv-step, all within a compact active area of 0.0212 mm(2).
Keywords:
Switches
Voltage
X-ray imaging
Energy resolution
Capacitance
Photonics
Imaging
Energy efficiency
Capacitors
X-ray lasers
ASIC
energy efficient
low-power
SAR ADC
single-ended-to-differential converter
switching scheme

Journal

I
IEEE Open Journal of Circuits and Systems
IF:
2.4
Papers:
4.5K
Citations:
387

Organization

U
united states department of energy (doe)
Scholars:
11.2W
Papers: 9.6W
Citations: 246
S
stanford university
Scholars:
9.2K
Papers: 3.6K
Citations: 0
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