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A multi-level Demand-Side Management algorithm for offgrid multi-source systems
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DOI：10.1016/j.energy.2019.116536.png)
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摘要
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The use of renewable sources for electricity supply of islands is faced with technical and economic constraints. To ensure that demand is fully met in the event of low generated power, batteries and gensets are often used and these can be expensive due to fuel import and battery costs. To provide more degrees of freedom for these offgrid networks, a multi-level algorithm based on several Demand Side Management strategies is proposed in this paper. The simulated case study concerns an island supplied by a multi-source system including solar, wind, tidal, wave energies and a battery storage solution. To limit the inconvenience for users, a hierarchical application of the proposed strategies is studied, according to a day-ahead forecast. Strategies based on anticipation are firstly applied for electric room heaters and water heaters in order to use the excess of generated power. For the most critical situations, strategies based on load shifting and load shedding are studied. In these cases, the best solution is found using a genetic algorithm. The application of the proposed Demand Side Management algorithm was found to help reduce the unmet load demand rate and adapt load demand according to the power generated. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keyword:
Demand side management
Offgrid
Multi-source system
Marine renewable energy
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20.2W
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