A Multilevel-Multiphysics modeling and simulation approach for multichip electronics

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.125738

A Multilevel-Multiphysics modeling and simulation approach for multichip electronics

2025-05-01

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DOI：10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.125738

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Thermo-mechanical and thermo-electro modeling and simulation (M&S) are commonly demanded in the development of electronic systems. However, such work is often difficult and time consuming because of the scale difference among multilevel domains, especially for the multichip electronics where there are a lot of repeating details. Usually, simplified models, which suppress multiscale features, have to be used to make a compromise. In this work, a multilevel-multiphysics M&S approach is presented to address the need for efficient multiphysics modeling of multichip electronics as well as better characterization the interaction among multilevel domains. An open-source platform, Multiphysics Object Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE), is used to as an enable tool because of its multiphysics M&S ability as well as the flexible data transferring functions. Prior to simulation, a multichip system is divided into different levels of domains, which are meshed separately to avoid multiscale feature in each model. Then the inherent thermal, electrical and mechanical behaviors of each level of domains, as well as the interactions with the other levels of domains, are modeled and described with a separate MOOSE app. The prepared apps provide a library of pluggable blocks in the following work. To perform simulation for a specific system, a set of apps are loaded on demand. First, the top-level app, i. e., the main app, is loaded and calls a series of sub apps at given positions and simultaneously initiates two-way interface data transferring between them. Further, each sub app may call its sub-sub apps. By such level-by-level calling, the multilevel models are integrated. A two-way data exchange strategy is proposed and the fixed-point iteration algorithms are used to guarantee data continuity across the interfaces. Notably, the repeating details (e. g., the same type of chips/modules on a board) can be modeled easily by calling the same sub app at multiple positions. Moreover, the pluggable architecture makes the multilevel models be readily reconfigurable, and thus provides valuable flexibility for co-design and development iteration. A prototype with a board and 16 thermal testing chips has been simulated and tested for verification and validation of the approach, and the results demonstrated favorable accuracy and efficiency. Further, the approach was applied to a practical phased array antenna, which contains 63 transmit/receive modules and 189 power amplifiers. Complete and detailed thermomechanical results were successfully obtained with good data consistency from the whole antenna to each chip, suggesting the presented approach enables effective multilevel-multiphysics M&S for such complicated multichip electronics.

Keyword:

Modeling and Simulation

Multiphysics

Multilevel modeling

Finite element analysis

Co-design

A Multilevel-Multiphysics modeling and simulation approach for multichip electronics

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