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摘要
En 中文
As discussed in chapter 2, many advances have been made in State-of-Charge (SoC) indication in recent years, both through continued improvement of the SoC algorithms and through the development of more accurate hardware systems. Nevertheless, there is still no ideal SoC system that gives accurate indications under all realistic user conditions. The ideal SoC system is obviously one that is not expensive, can handle all battery chemistries, can operate over a wide range of load currents and can deal with the aging effect. Leading semiconductor companies (e.g. Philips [1]-[3], NXP Research, Texas Instruments [4]-[6], Microchip [7], [8] Maxim [9], [10], etc.) are paying more and more attention to accurate State-of-Charge indication in attempts to find that ideal system. A SoC algorithm that combines some form of adaptivity with direct measurement and book-keeping systems was developed and implemented by Bergveld et al. in 2000 [1]-[3]. By implementing the mathematical models described in [1], this algorithm was found to be the most sophisticated and accurate [11], [12]. This chapter will give a complete description of this algorithm, which serves as the starting point of this book. This chapter is organised as follows. An introduction to the algorithm is given in section 3.1. Section 3.2 describes the models and states of the SoC indication system. The main aspects of the algorithm are given in section 3.3. The focus in section 3.4 is on accuracy problems. Section 3.5 presents concluding remarks.
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BATTERY MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS
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