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A timeless biology
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DOI：10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2017.12.002.png)
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Contrary to claims that physics is timeless while biology is time-dependent, we take the opposite standpoint: physical systems' dynamics are constrained by the arrow of time, while living assemblies are time-independent. Indeed, the concepts of constraints and displacements shed new light on the role of continuous time flow in life evolution, allowing us to sketch a physical gauge theory for biological systems in long timescales. In the very short timescales of biological systems' individual lives, time looks like frozen and fixed, so that the second law of thermodynamics is momentarily wrecked. The global symmetries (standing for biological constrained trajectories, i.e. the energetic gradient flows dictated by the second law of thermodynamics in long timescales) are broken by local displacements where time is held constant, i.e., modifications occurring in living systems. Such displacements stand for brief local forces, able to temporarily break the cosmic increase in entropy. The force able to restore the symmetries (called gauge field) stands for the very long timescales of biological evolution. Therefore, at the very low speeds of life evolution, time is no longer one of the four phase space coordinates of a spacetime Universe: it becomes just a gauge field superimposed to three-dimensional biological systems. We discuss the implications in biology: when assessing living beings, the underrated role of isolated spatial modifications needs to be emphasized, living apart the evolutionary role of time. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keyword:
Time
Gauge theory
Symmetries
Constraints
Informational entropy
Evolution
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