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Additively Manufactured PLA/Mg(OH)2/nHA Scaffolds: Enhanced Compressive Performance, Buffered Degradation, and Cytocompatibility for Bone Regeneration
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DOI：10.1002/mame.70231.png)
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Abstract
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Polylactic acid (PLA) is an attractive material for bone tissue engineering, yet its slow, acidic degradation, limited hydrophilicity, and modest compressive performance restrict clinical translation. Here, PLA was combined with magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2; 0.5–2 wt.%) and nano‑hydroxyapatite (nHA; 5 wt.%) and then fabricated by fused deposition modeling to buffer degradation, improve wetting, and reinforce mechanics. Physicochemical (contact angle, weight loss in PBS (phosphate buffer solution)), mechanical (compression and tension), and in vitro assays (MG‑63 viability) were performed. Results: Incorporating Mg(OH)2 and nHA decreased the contact angle from 71.5° (PLA) to 49.7° (PLA2‑5), increased 60‑day weight loss from ∼2% to 15.52% (PLA2‑5), and buffered local acidity. Compressive strength rose from 9.37 MPa (PLA) to 27.55 MPa (PLA0.5‑5), while the modulus reached 281.34 MPa (PLA2‑5). MG‑63 viability remained high (e.g., 98.36% for PLA0.5‑5) with a slight decrease at the highest Mg(OH)2 content (88.76% for PLA2‑5). Co‑incorporation of Mg(OH)2 and nHA synergistically enhances hydrophilicity, degradation buffering, and mechanical competence of PLA scaffolds, with PLA0.5‑5 showing the best balance.
Keywords:
3d printing
biodegradation
bone tissue engineering
magnesium hydroxide
mechanical properties
nano-hydroxyapatite
osteogenic activity
polylactic acid
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