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Advancing Fe–N–C catalysts: synthesis strategies and performance enhancements for fuel cell applications
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DOI：10.1039/D5YA00256G.png)
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Abstract
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Fe–N–C catalysts have emerged as the most promising class of non-precious metal electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs); offering favourable activity; structure tunability; and cost-effectiveness. However; challenges remain in achieving the performance and durability required for practical applications. This review systematically summarizes recent progress in Fe–N–C catalyst development; with a focus on synthetic strategies aimed at increasing the active site density; optimizing Fe–Nx coordination environments and potential engineering solutions to the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) based on Fe–N–C; particular attention is given to the pyrolysis atmosphere control; post-synthesis treatment; and optimizing the microstructure and catalytic performance. Furthermore; this review explores emerging approaches to integrate Fe–N–C catalysts into membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs); including ionomer–catalyst interaction tuning and electrode architecture optimization; with the goal of bridging the gap from laboratory activity to real-world fuel cell operation.
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