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Altitudinal restructuring of rhizosphere taxonomic composition, functional potential, and taxon–function coupling in wild Elymus nutans across Xizang
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DOI：10.1016/j.rhisph.2026.101411.png)
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Abstract
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Understanding whether rhizosphere microbial taxonomic turnover is translated into functional reorganization is essential for predicting belowground ecological responses to mountain environmental change. Here, we investigated rhizosphere prokaryotic communities, fungal communities, and functional potential of wild Elymus nutans across an altitudinal gradient in Xizang. Functional potential was further partitioned into carbon (C)-, nitrogen (N)-, and phosphorus (P)-related modules to evaluate microbial-domain-dependent and module-dependent taxon–function coupling. Ordination, environmental fitting, dbRDA, variation partitioning, Procrustes analysis, Mantel tests, and partial Mantel tests were used to examine environmental structuring of taxonomy and function and their whole-matrix correspondence. Rhizosphere taxonomic composition and functional potential were both significantly associated with altitude and hydroclimatic gradients, but their dominant environmental correlates differed. Prokaryotic communities were more strongly linked to altitude and precipitation concentration, fungal communities responded to a broader climatic spectrum, and functional potential was more closely aligned with geographic position and annual moisture-related conditions. Environmental block analyses further showed that geography, climate, soil chemistry, and enzyme activity jointly structured taxonomic and functional variation, with soil chemistry and geography contributing strongly to prokaryotic and functional patterns. Overall taxon–function coupling was stronger in prokaryotes than in fungi. Functional partitioning revealed clear heterogeneity among C-, N-, and P-related pathways, with fungal composition showing weaker and more pathway-specific correspondence, particularly for N-related functions. These findings indicate that rhizosphere microbial responses to alpine environmental gradients involve not only taxonomic turnover, but also functional reorganization and module-dependent coupling between taxonomy and functional potential.
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