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An improved method of evaluating slope stability with full consideration of pore water pressure, hydrostatic pressure and dynamic pressure
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PRE
AI
Y
李
J
F
DOI：10.1016/j.pce.2026.104420.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Groundwater seepage is the key factor affecting the stability of slopes, particularly in loess slopes with groundwater seepage conditions. However, the role of groundwater seepage in affecting loess slope stability via pore water pressure remains unclear. This investigation elucidates the relationship between pore water pressure, hydrostatic pressure, and hydrodynamic pressure within loess slopes using graphical analysis and theoretical derivation. An improved method for slope stability evaluation was proposed by considering the effect of pore water pressure on the slope. The case of Huangci landslide, a typical loess landslide caused by groundwater seepage in China, was used to verify the effectiveness of this improved method. Results demonstrated that decomposing soil strip pore water pressure along the sliding surface's tangent and normal directions yields mechanical expressions equivalent to the vector sum of the strip's hydrostatic and hydrodynamic pressures. Thus, pore water pressure under seepage is the resultant of these forces. Applying the conventional simplified Bishop method without considering pore pressure to Huangci slope yielded a safety factor (Fs) of 1.099 (indicating stability), contradicting the actual landslide. Considering pore pressure in this method can reduce slightly the Fs to 1.048 (still suggesting stability due to it neglecting the driving role of groundwater seepage). Conversely, the improved method proposed here yielded an Fs of 0.965, correctly indicating instability, consistent with reality. Pore water pressure significantly reduces the resisting forces while marginally increasing the driving forces. The proposed method, tailored for loess slopes affected by groundwater seepage, provides more reliable stability evaluations.
Keywords:
Loess landslide
Groundwater seepage
Pore water pressure
Slope stability evaluation
Loess slope
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