An interpretable error indicator for neural-network surrogate models based on encoder–regression decomposition

2026-08-11

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Julien Yvonnet

DOI：10.1016/j.cma.2026.119248

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Neural-network-based surrogate models combined with dimensionality reduction techniques such as PCA/POD are widely used to approximate high-dimensional parametric systems. However, their deployment in engineering applications requires reliable error indicators capable of assessing prediction accuracy, including in regions not covered by the training data.

Keywords:

Neural networks

Error estimation

Surrogate models

Reduced-order models (ROMs)

Radial basis functions

Linear encoders

Real-time simulations

An interpretable error indicator for neural-network surrogate models based on encoder–regression decomposition

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