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Analysis of reaction–diffusion predator–prey system under random switching
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DOI：10.1016/j.nahs.2025.101621.png)
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Abstract
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This paper investigates the long-term dynamics of a reaction–diffusion predator–prey system subject to random environmental fluctuations modeled by Markovian switching. The model is formulated as a hybrid system of partial differential equations (PDEs), where the switching between different ecological regimes captures the randomness in environmental conditions. We derive a critical threshold parameter that determines whether the predator species will eventually go extinct or persist. We further characterize the system’s asymptotic behavior by providing a detailed pathwise description of the ω-limit set of solutions. This analysis reveals how the effects of random switching shape the distribution and long-term coexistence of the species. Numerical simulations are provided to validate and illustrate the theoretical findings, highlighting transitions between different dynamical regimes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that rigorously analyzes a spatially diffusive predator–prey model under Markovian switching, thereby bridging the gap between spatial ecology and stochastic hybrid PDE systems.
Keywords:
predator-prey system
reaction-diffusion equations
Markovian switching
stochastic dynamics
species persistence
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