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Associations of exclusive e-cigarette use and dual use of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes with prevalent and incident hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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DOI：10.1016/j.ajpc.2026.101767.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
The relationship between electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use and hypertension remains uncertain. Existing evidence is difficult to interpret because of differences in exposure classification, smoking history, dual use, study design, and hypertension ascertainment. We systematically reviewed and meta-analysed population-based observational studies examining associations between exclusive e-cigarette use, dual use of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes, and prevalent and incident hypertension.
Keywords:
Electronic cigarettes
Vaping
Hypertension
Blood pressure
Dual use
Tobacco smoking
Meta-analysis
Systematic review
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