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Biomechanical advancements in hydroxyapatite, magnesium-substituted hydroxyapatite, and strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite in clinical and non-clinical studies for maxillofacial bone tissue engineering: A review
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DOI:10.1016/j.oceram.2026.101006.png)
Abstract
En 中文
• Facial bones have different mechanical properties, so scaffold design must be site-specific. • Dense and porous HA scaffolds are suited to different maxillofacial applications. • Magnesium substitution improves toughness and biological response of HA. • Strontium substitution enhances bone formation but needs careful optimization. • Clinical use of Mg-HA and Sr-HA is still limited compared to pure HA.
Keywords:
Hydroxyapatite
Substituted Hydroxyapatite
Maxillofacial Bone
Biomedical applications
Mechanical properties
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