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Bladder cancer
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DOI：10.1038/nrdp.2017.22.png)
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摘要
En 中文
Bladder cancer is a highly prevalent disease and is associated with substantial morbidity, mortality and cost. Environmental or occupational exposures to carcinogens, especially tobacco, are the main risk factors for bladder cancer. Most bladder cancers are diagnosed after patients present with macroscopic haematuria, and cases are confirmed after transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT), which also serves as the first stage of treatment. Bladder cancer develops via two distinct pathways, giving rise to non-muscle-invasive papillary tumours and non-papillary (solid) muscle-invasive tumours. The two subtypes have unique pathological features and different molecular characteristics. Indeed, The Cancer Genome Atlas project identified genetic drivers of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) as well as subtypes of MIBC with distinct characteristics and therapeutic responses. For non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), intravesical therapies (primarily Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)) with maintenance are the main treatments to prevent recurrence and progression after initial TURBT; additional therapies are needed for those who do not respond to BCG. For localized MIBC, optimizing care and reducing morbidity following cystectomy are important goals. In metastatic disease, advances in our genetic understanding of bladder cancer and in immunotherapy are being translated into new therapies.
Keyword:
BACILLUS-CALMETTE-GUERIN
CARCINOMA IN-SITU
QUALITY-OF-LIFE
TRANSITIONAL-CELL CARCINOMA
PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOMES
FLAT UROTHELIAL HYPERPLASIAS
FREQUENT FGFR3 MUTATIONS
SOMATIC ERCC2 MUTATIONS
RADICAL CYSTECTOMY
URINARY-BLADDER
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对已上传原文的论文进行重点信息的提取，主要内容包括：简要概述、研究摘要、背景介绍、关键亮点、图文解析、展望与总结。
期刊
N
IF:
60.6
论文数:
661
被引数:
3.8W
机构
引用论文
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