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摘要
En 中文
Abstract
The Blastocladiomycota, a phylum of fungi that produce motile spores and gametes, live in water or in soils, where they are active when water is present and survive with thick‐walled resting sporangia when soils are dry. Some genera are saprobic, but the phylum also contains pathogens of invertebrates and plants. Life cycles can include alternation of haploid and diploid generations and different generations may have different hosts. Sexual reproduction begins by fusion of gametes and meiosis takes place during germination of resistant sporangia. Saprobic members have been used as model organisms and genome sequencing of
Allomyces
and
Blastocladiella
continues this trend.
Coelomomyces
species parasitise mosquito larvae and are capable of causing death of up to 90% of their hosts. Obligate parasitism, narrow host ranges, need for an alternate host and unpredictable rate of control have deterred development of
Coelomomyces
species for mosquito control.
Key Concepts:
Members of the Blastocladiomycota produce spores and gametes that are motile by means of a posteriorly directed whiplash flagellum.
Motile spores, which are recognisable by their centrally located nucleus that is apically surrounded by a nuclear cap consisting of ribosomes, are recognisable at the ultrastructural level by microtubules in groups of three that extend from the apex of the kinetosome and surround the nucleus.
Some saprobic species have an alternation of morphologically similar haploid and diploid generations and some pathogens have alternation of haploid and diploid generations with different morphologies and sometimes on different hosts.
Sexual reproduction is by fusion of motile gametes and meiosis takes place during the germination of resting sporangia.
The phylum contains pathogens of crustaceans, nematodes, algae and aquatic and semi‐aquatic plants.
Saprobic species, especially
Allomyces macrogynus
and
Blastocladiella emersonii
, are used for physiological and genetic studies and the genome of
A. macrogynus
has been sequenced.
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