Brain structure and function in Homo naledi

Zachary Cofran

doi:10.1007/s00429-026-03129-1

2026-06-15

Zachary Cofran *

Shawn Hurst

John Hawks *

DOI：10.1007/s00429-026-03129-1

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摘要

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脑铸模是大脑和周围组织在颅骨内部表面形成的铸模。这些化石幽灵为灭绝生物的大脑提供了最直接的证据，也是古神经学家重建大脑进化的众多拼图之一。最近发现的一种小脑、近期灭绝的人类物种——纳莱迪人（Homo naledi）的发现，为回顾脑铸模能够和不能够告诉我们关于古代大脑的信息创造了及时的机会。我们首先回顾关于纳莱迪人（H. naledi）大脑和行为的研究证据，包括该物种可能在23万多年前就实行了丧葬行为的建议。接着，我们使用几何形态测量方法重建了最完整的纳莱迪人脑铸模，并将其与现代人和更新世人属（Pleistocene hominins）的脑铸模进行比较。我们的结果证实了之前的证据，即纳莱迪人的大脑表现出祖先和现代人特征的独特组合，具体表现为具有派生的额叶，同时保留了祖先的大小、形态和大脑-小脑比例。最后，我们在近期古人类学数据、神经影像学进展以及连接大脑形态、结构和功能的理论框架的背景下讨论了这些结果。

Keyword:

Endocast

Geometric morphometrics

Cognition

Life history

Cerebellum

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Brain Structure and Function

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anthropology department

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