Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand. Stem bark extract suppresses tumor angiogenesis through modulation of HIF-1α/VEGF signaling and ERK1/2-AKT activation in HepG2 xenograft-bearing nude mice

2026-08-06

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Aylada Kaenu

Pholawat Tingpej

Phornphan Sornchuer

Pritsana Piyabhan

Umarat Srisawat

Naphatsanan Duansak

Nattapon Sookprasert

Supawadee Parhira

Bhornprom Yoysungnoen *

DOI：10.1016/j.jep.2026.122274

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• Calotropis gigantea stem bark extract suppresses HepG2 xenograft tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo. • CGD is associated with reduced HIF-1α and VEGF expression in HepG2 xenografts. • CGD reduces VEGFR-2, EGFR, MMP-2, MMP-9, and VE-cadherin expression. • CGD is associated with reduced p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT expression in HepG2 xenografts. • CGD shows potential as a phytotherapeutic candidate for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand. Stem bark extract suppresses tumor angiogenesis through modulation of HIF-1α/VEGF signaling and ERK1/2-AKT activation in HepG2 xenograft-bearing nude mice

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