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Cardanol-based benzoxazine and its potential with ammonium polyphosphate in flame-retardant coatings

delete2026-03-01
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OA
AI
H
Huei, Heng Jun
W
Wang, Jiali
Z
Zhihao Yen
X
Xiao, Xingchi
A
Ahmad Hedzir Fahmi bin Mohd Kamdi
R
Rui A. Gonçalves
L
Leonard W. T. Ng *
DOI:10.1039/d5ma01299fdelete
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Abstract

Abstract

En 中文
Polybenzoxazine is a versatile polymer that has high thermal stability, high char yield and inherent flame-retardant properties. Increasing attention is being paid to the synthesis of bio-based benzoxazines using renewable materials. This is attributed to the availability of phenols and primary amines in their precursors and the ability to rival their petroleum-based counterparts. A protocol for cardanol-based benzoxazine synthesis from cardanol and hexamethylenetetramine was optimised for scalability. The cardanol-based benzoxazine was then mixed with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) in different ratios to achieve flame retardancy. The results suggested that increasing the APP/benzoxazine ratio improved its flame retardancy and improved the density and homogeneity of the char layer.
Keywords:
POLYMERIZATION
POLYBENZOXAZINES
PREDICTION

Journal

Materials Advances cover
Materials Advances
IF:
4.7
Papers:
1.1K
Citations:
1.4W

Organization

N
Nanyang Technological University
Scholars:
4.8W
Papers: 4.7W
Citations: 8.1W
E
evonik industries
Scholars:
260
Papers: 206
Citations: 0
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