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Cardiometabolic Syndromes and Associated Cardiovascular Risks: A Narrative Review
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DOI：10.1159/000549775.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Background: Cardiovascular risk (CVR) is closely linked to metabolic and endocrine disorders that share common mechanisms such as insulin resistance, adipose tissue dysfunction, low-grade inflammation, and lipid abnormalities. Conditions including metabolic syndrome (MetS), hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), cardiorenometabolic (CKM) syndrome, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) present overlapping yet distinct phenotypes that contribute to vascular injury and cardiometabolic progression. Summary: This review integrates current evidence connecting MetS, HTGW, MASLD, CKM syndrome, and PCOS within a unified cardiometabolic framework. Although each condition has specific diagnostic criteria, they converge pathophysiologically and collectively increase long-term CVR. Understanding these shared pathways may enhance early detection of subclinical disease. Precision medicine strategies incorporating clinical, biochemical, and imaging biomarkers offer the potential for personalised risk stratification and targeted interventions. Key Messages: MetS, HTGW, MASLD, CKM syndrome, and PCOS share core mechanisms driving cardiometabolic deterioration. MASLD is a major independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. CKM syndrome represents a continuum integrating metabolic, renal, and cardiovascular dysfunction. Early identification of high-risk phenotypes may improve prevention strategies. Precision medicine approaches can refine CV risk assessment and guide personalised management. This review looks at several common health conditions that increase the risk of heart disease. These include metabolic syndrome (a group of risk factors like high blood pressure and high blood sugar often linked to obesity), the hypertriglyceridemic waist (a condition where a person has both a large waist and high levels of fats in the blood), fatty liver disease caused by metabolism problems, cardiorenometabolic syndrome (a condition that affects the heart, kidneys, and metabolism), and polycystic ovary syndrome (a hormonal condition in women that often causes weight gain and irregular periods). Although these conditions are different, they share similar biological problems, such as insulin resistance (when the body does not use insulin effectively), inflammation, and abnormal fat levels in the blood. These shared problems help explain why people with these conditions are more likely to develop heart disease. The review suggests that doctors should look at these conditions together rather than separately. Doing this could help identify people at risk earlier. New tools like specific blood tests, body scans, or genetic analysis could help tailor treatments to each patient. A treatment plan should be based on the person's unique health profile, with a mix of lifestyle changes, medications, and regular follow-up. Understanding how these conditions are linked can help improve care, reduce heart disease risk, and lead to better health overall. The goal is to act early and use personalised strategies to manage risk before serious problems occur.
Keywords:
Cardiometabolic syndromes
Cardiovascular risk
Metabolic dysfunction
Precision medicine
Insulin resistance
Journal
J
IF:
2.3
Papers:
17
Citations:
0
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Cited Papers