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Channel measurement, characterization, modeling, and standardization for satellite-to-ground communications: A survey
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DOI：10.23919/jcc.fa.2025-0334.202604.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Satellite-to-ground communications are anticipated to play a crucial role in sixth-generation (6G) mobile systems by providing seamless coverage. Due to the long transmission distances, complex channel characteristics, and diverse terminal environments, satellite-to-ground channels exhibit unique features that distinguish them from terrestrial communication channels. Understanding and accurately modeling the channel is a premise for the design, optimization, and evaluation of satellite-to-ground communication systems. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the challenges and ongoing research in satellite-to-ground channel measurement, characterization, modeling, and standardization. Specifically, the paper discusses simulated and on-orbit satellite channel measurements, introduces large-scale and small-scale characteristics, and analyzes the challenges and progress in four satellite-to-ground channel models. In addition, the paper reviews the relevant standards efforts of key organizations and outlines potential future research directions.
Keywords:
6G
channel characterization
channel measurement
channel modeling
satellite-to-ground communications
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