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Compact nanomechanical plasmonic phase modulators
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DOI：10.1038/NPHOTON.2015.40.png)
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Highly confined optical energy in plasmonic devices is advancing miniaturization in photonics. However, for mode sizes approaching approximate to 10 nm, the energy increasingly shifts into the metal, raising losses and hindering active phase modulation. Here, we propose a nanoelectromechanical phase-modulation principle exploiting the extraordinarily strong dependence of the phase velocity of metal-insulator-metal gap plasmons on dynamically variable gap size. We experimentally demonstrate a 23-mu m-long non-resonant modulator having a 1.5 pi rad range, with 1.7 dB excess loss at 780 nm. Analysis shows that by simultaneously decreasing the gap, length and width, an ultracompact-footprint pi rad phase modulator can be realized. This is achieved without incurring the extra loss expected for plasmons confined in a decreasing gap, because the increasing phase-modulation strength from a narrowing gap offsets rising propagation losses. Such small, high-density electrically controllable components may find applications in optical switch fabrics and reconfigurable plasmonic optics.
Keyword:
WAVE-GUIDES
SURFACE
INTEGRATION
PLANAR
MODES
MEMS
SLOT
SI
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