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Construction of gelatin methacryloyl-based artificial skin substitutes with small-micro vascular networks via hybrid double-crosslinked coaxial and extrusion bioprinting
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DOI：10.36922/IJB025490504.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
The repair of deep skin defects involving subcutaneous tissue urgently requires vascularized skin substitutes that can provide immediate blood perfusion. However, existing engineering strategies struggle to construct multi-level vascular networks in vitro.This study aims to develop a multi-layered skin substitute with both biomimetic structure and physiological function, incorporating a perfusable small-micro hierarchical vascular system. We employed a composite coaxial-extrusion bioprinting strategy. First, a composite bioink consisting of 2% sodium alginate and 5% gelatin methacryloyl was formulated and evaluated for its printability and biocompatibility. Subsequently, using an ionic-photo dual-crosslinking coaxial printing technique, we fabricated subcutaneous small vessels with controllable dimensions and adequate mechanical properties. Finally, small vessels were integrated with an extrusion bioprinted dermal microvascular network and an epidermal layer to form a complete small-microvascular pathway. This multi-layered construct was designed to mimic the stratified characteristics of natural skin. In vitro functional experiments confirmed that the epidermis possesses an excellent barrier function, and the subcutaneous small vessels demonstrated an effective capability for delivering drug molecules. The dual-crosslinking coaxial printing and composite manufacturing strategy proposed in this proof-of-concept study successfully constructed vascularized skin with a hierarchical tubular structure, offering a new solution with clinical translation potential for treating full-thickness skin defects.
Keywords:
Artificial skin
Blood vessel
Coaxial printing
Gelatin methacryloyl
Three-dimensional bioprinting
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666
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