Continuous Sensing on Intermittent Power

doi:10.1109/IPSN48710.2020.00-36

2020-04-01

Amjad Yousef Majid *

Patrick Schilder

Koen Langendoen

DOI：10.1109/IPSN48710.2020.00-36

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摘要

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The main obstacles to achieve truly ubiquitous sensing are (i) the limitations of battery technology - batteries are short-lived; hazardous, bulky, and costly - and (ii) the unpredictability of ambient power. The latter causes sensors 10 operate intermittently; violation the availability requirements of many real-world applications. In this paper, we present the Coalesced Intermittent Sensor (CIS), art intermittently-powered sensor that senses continuously! Although a single node will frequently be off charging, a group of nodes can in principle sense 24/7 provided that their awake limes are spread apart. As communication is 100 expensive, we rely on inherent component variations that induce small differences in power cycles. This basic assumption has been verified through measurements of different nodes and power sources. However, desynchronizing nodes is not enough. An important finding is that a CIS designed for certain (minimal) energy conditions will become synchronized when the available energy exceeds the design point Nodes employing a sleep mode (to extend their availability) do wake up collectively at some event, process it, and return 10 charging as the remaining energy is typically too low to handle another event. This results in multiple responses (bad) and missing subsequent events (worse) due to the synchronized charging. To counter this undesired behavior we designed an algorithm to estimate the number of active neighbors and respond proportionally to an event. We show that when intermittent nodes randomize their responses to events, in favorable energy conditions, the CIS reduces the duplicated captured events by 50% and increases the percentage of capturing entire bursts above 85%.

Keyword:

Embedded systems

Energy harvesting

Ubiquitous computing

Intermittent Systems