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Cost-Effective Empirical Performance Modeling
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AI
DOI：10.1109/TPDS.2025.3646119.png)
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摘要
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Performance models help us to understand how HPC applications scale, which is crucial for efficiently utilizing HPC resources. They describe the performance (e.g., runtime) as a function of one or more execution parameters (e.g., problem size and the degree of parallelism). Creating one manually for a given program is challenging and time-consuming. Automatically learning a model from performance data is a viable alternative, but potentially resource-intensive. Extra-P is a tool that implements this approach. The user begins by selecting values for each parameter. Each combination of values defines a possible measurement point. The choice of measurement points affects the quality and cost of the resulting models, creating a complex optimization problem. A naive approach takes measurements for all possible measurement points, the number of which grows exponentially with the number of parameters. In our earlier work, we demonstrated that a quasi-linear number of points is sufficient and that prioritizing the least expensive points is a generic strategy with a good trade-off between cost and quality. Here, we present an improved selection strategy based on Gaussian process regression (GPR) that selects points individually for each modeling task. In our synthetic evaluation, which was based on tens of thousands of artificially generated functions, the naive approach achieved 66% accuracy with two model parameters and 5% artificial noise. At only 10% of the na & iuml;ve approach's cost, the generic approach already achieved 47.3% accuracy, while the GPR-based approach achieved even 77.8% accuracy. Similar improvements were observed in experiments involving different numbers of model parameters and noise levels, as well as in case studies with realistic applications.
Keyword:
Mathematical models
Costs
Accuracy
Noise measurement
Noise level
Noise
Gaussian processes
Size measurement
Optimization
Computational modeling
Performance analysis
performance modeling
high-performance computing
parallel processing
reinforcement learning
Gaussian process regression
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6
论文数:
5.2K
被引数:
1.1W
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