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Crosslinking of a novel composite carbohydrate polymer and hydraulic performance of polymer-amended geosynthetic clay liners exposed to two leachates
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DOI：10.1016/j.jrmge.2026.02.045.png)
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Abstract
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This study investigated the hydraulic conductivity (k) of polyanionic cellulose (PAC) and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) composite polymer-amended geosynthetic clay liners (PHGCLs) when exposed to two types of leachates: (1) leachate from untreated incineration bottom ash (IBA) of municipal solid waste (MSW) and, and (2) site-specific municipal waste (MW) leachate from a MSW landfill. Microscopic tests were conducted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of composite polymer amendment. Results showed that permeation with IBA and MW leachates increased the k values of unamended geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) by 4.5 and 16.1 times, respectively, relative to tap water. In contrast, PHGCLs exhibited only a marginal increase in k by 1.1 and 1.9 times under the same conditions. Prehydration with MW leachate significantly increased the k of unamended GCLs but had a negligible influence on PHGCLs. For PHGCLs prehydrated with tap water, permeation with IBA leachate induced more polymer elution than that with MW leachate. Prehydration with MW leachate exacerbated polymer elution from PHGCLs compared with prehydration with tap water. The superior hydraulic performance of PHGCLs was attributed to pore filling of polymer hydrogel, stabilization of diffuse double layer (DDL) of amended bentonites in the PHGCLs, ion shielding, and elevated viscosity of pore fluid in the PHGCLs. Furthermore, ionic crosslinking of the polymer hydrogel microstructure enhanced polymer stability and minimized polymer elution of PHGCLs exposed to both leachates.
Keywords:
Composite polymer amendment
Geosynthetic clay liner
Hydraulic conductivity
Incineration bottom ash (IBA)
Landfill
Microscopic mechanisms
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