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Customizable fracture resistance curve of gradient soft composites
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DOI：10.1016/j.eml.2026.102462.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Biological fibrous materials exhibiting exceptional fracture and fatigue resistance are predominantly characterized by gradient heterogeneous structures. In recent years, great attention has been paid on how heterogeneity enhances the fracture resistance of materials. However, it remains unclear how the gradient in heterogeneous structures affects the fracture process of materials. Here we show the asymmetric fracture behavior of gradient fiber reinforced soft composites and a roadmap to customize the fracture resistance curve. We develop a nonlinear shear-lag model for the gradient composites and obtain the crack tip field. We find that the crack tip field is only related to the geometric and material parameters of the local region around the crack tip, almost independent of gradient in composites. Therefore, the fracture process of gradient composites can be regarded as a successive fracture of non-gradient composites. We propose a semi-empirical formula that bridges the fracture energy of non-gradient composites with their geometric and material parameters, and construct a framework for the inverse design of gradient composites with customized R-curves. This work enhances our understanding on fracture mechanism of biological materials and provides a practical design strategy for gradient structures with on-demand fracture behavior, paving the way for the active control of crack propagation, which enables early detection of impending catastrophic failure and enhances structural reliability.
Keywords:
Gradient composites
Fracture resistance
Crack tip field
Shear-lag model
Inverse design
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1.5K
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