Iron supplementation potentiates oxidative stress, modulates gene expression and enhances killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis treated with rifampicin and vitamin C

Princi Sharma

doi:10.1016/j.tube.2026.102765

Cyclic Dinucleotide Signalling in Mycobacteria: Roles of c-di-AMP and c-di-GMP in Physiology and Pathogenesis

2026-04-21

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PRE

AI

S

Somashree Mishra

D

Devshmita Das

K

Kamakshi Sureka *

DOI：10.1016/j.tube.2026.102764

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Abstract

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Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs), particularly cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) and cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP), are now recognized as major second messengers that governs critical physiological and pathogenic processes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Beyond their central roles in cell wall homeostasis, DNA repair, metabolism, stress responses, and virulence, these signaling molecules also strongly influence host immunity through activation of the cGAS–STING pathway, generating significant interest in their potential as vaccine adjuvants.

Keywords:

c-di-AMP

c-di-GMP

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

second messengers

host immunity

Cyclic Dinucleotide Signalling in Mycobacteria: Roles of c-di-AMP and c-di-GMP in Physiology and Pathogenesis

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