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Deep model-based magnetic resonance parameter mapping network (DOPAMINE) for fast T1 mapping using variable flip angle method
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DOI：10.1016/j.media.2021.102017.png)
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Quantitative tissue characteristics, which provide valuable diagnostic information, can be represented by magnetic resonance (MR) parameter maps using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); however, a long scan time is necessary to acquire them, which prevents the application of quantitative MR parameter mapping to real clinical protocols. For fast MR parameter mapping, we propose a deep model-based MR parameter mapping network called DOPAMINE that combines a deep learning network with a model-based method to reconstruct MR parameter maps from undersampled multi-channel k-space data. DOPAMINE consists of two networks: 1) an MR parameter mapping network that uses a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) that estimates initial parameter maps from undersampled k-space data (CNN-based mapping), and 2) a reconstruction network that removes aliasing artifacts in the parameter maps with a deep CNN (CNN-based reconstruction) and an interleaved data consistency layer by an embedded MR model-based optimization procedure. We demonstrated the performance of DOPAMINE in brain T 1 map reconstruction with a variable flip angle (VFA) model. To evaluate the performance of DOPAMINE, we compared it with conventional parallel imaging, low-rank based reconstruction, model-based reconstruction, and state-of-the-art deep-learning-based mapping methods for three different reduction factors (R = 3, 5, and 7) and two different sampling patterns (1D Cartesian and 2D Poisson-disk). Quantitative metrics indicated that DOPAMINE outperformed other methods in reconstructing T 1 maps for all sampling patterns and reduction factors. DOPAMINE exhibited quantitatively and qualitatively superior performance to that of conventional methods in reconstructing MR parameter maps from undersampled multi-channel kspace data. The proposed method can thus reduce the scan time of quantitative MR parameter mapping that uses a VFA model. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keyword:
Magnetic resonance imaging
Parameter mapping
Deep learning
Variable flip angle
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