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Design of UWB Transparent Antenna Using Nanonetwork Material for IoT Application
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DOI：10.1109/jiot.2026.3703372.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
This article presents a highly flexible and transparent ultrawideband (UWB) antenna based on a hybrid silver (Ag) nanonetwork (NN) electrode that simultaneously resolves the competing requirements of transparency, conductivity, flexibility, and broadband operation. The electrode is fabricated through a scalable process combining thermal evaporation, electrospun poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanofiber networks, and ion beam etching, followed by dielectric hybridization with silver oxide (Ag<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub>O) and molybdenum trioxide (MoO<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub>) layers. Unlike conventional transparent conductive oxide (TCO), AgNW, and metal-mesh approaches, the fused-junction NN architecture eliminates interwire contact resistance, while the Ag<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub>O/MoO<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> double-insulating coating provides both index matching and electrode passivation. The optimized electrode achieves an optical transmittance of 90.74% at 550 nm and a sheet resistance of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.83~\Omega /\mathrm {sq}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> while maintaining stable resistance down to a 1 mm bending radius and after 10 000 bending cycles. The fabricated antenna exhibits a wide impedance bandwidth from 3.2 to 10.6 GHz and a peak measured radiation efficiency of 76.4% at 5.9 GHz. This combination of high transparency, low sheet resistance, wideband operation, and mechanical robustness is not simultaneously attained by existing transparent antenna technologies, enabling seamless integration into diverse Internet of Things (IoT) environments such as smart windows, transparent consumer electronics, and wearable devices.
Keywords:
Flexible transparent antenna
hybrid electrode structure
Internet of Things (IoT)
silver nanonetwork (NN)
transparent electrodes
ultrawideband (UWB)
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8.9
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