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Detecting Stealthy Domain Generation Algorithms Using Heterogeneous Deep Neural Network Framework
DOI:10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2988877.png)
摘要
En 中文
Distinguishing malicious domain names generated by various domain generation algorithms (DGA) is critical for defending a network against sophisticated network attacks. In recent years, stealthy domain generation algorithms (SDGA) have been proposed and revealed significantly stronger stealthiness comparing to the traditional character-based DGA. Existing state-of-the-art detection schemes are not effective enough for detecting SDGA. In this paper, we exploit the character-level characteristics of the SDGA domain names and propose a heterogeneous deep neural network framework (HDNN) for detecting SDGA. HDNN employs a proposed improved parallel CNN (IPCNN) architecture with multi-sizes of convolution kernel for extracting multi-scale local features from a domain name. The framework also contains a proposed self-attention based bidirectional long short term memory (SA-Bi-LSTM) architecture which can extract the bidirectional global features with attention mechanism from a domain name. Besides that, the focal loss function is introduced to mitigate the imbalance of the sample quantity in the training phase. The benchmark experiments are carried out based on the database composed of the collected benign domain names, real-world DGA and SDGA ones. Compared to the 6 influential deep-learning-based DGA detection schemes, the proposed scheme has achieved state-of-the-art detection results on SDGAs, and also achieved state-of-the-art results on binary and multiclass classification for traditional DGAs.
Keyword:
Feature extraction
Neural networks
Dictionaries
Machine learning
Servers
Malware
Hidden Markov models
Convolutional neural network
cyber security
domain generation algorithm
deep learning
long short term memory
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期刊
IF:
3.6
论文数:
9.8W
被引数:
29.4W
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暂无机构信息
引用论文
Detection method of domain names generated by DGAs based on semantic representation and deep neural network
COMPUTERS & SECURITY
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