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Dynamic modelling and control system development of a Brayton-based Carnot battery: Impact of thermal energy storage–induced delays
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DOI：10.1016/j.est.2026.123983.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
• A dynamic model of a Brayton-based Carnot battery is developed in Modelica. • Thermal storage causes fluid-dynamic delays, dead time, and inverse response phenomena. • Conventional feedback control fails under pronounced storage-induced delays. • Smith predictor with anti-windup restores a stable and robust response. • A 10 MW Carnot battery ramps to full load in 6 s with <6% frequency deviation.
Keywords:
Carnot battery
Brayton cycle
Dynamic modelling
Control system
Power and frequency response
Thermal energy storage
Journal
IF:
9.8
Papers:
2.2W
Citations:
10.1W
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Cited Papers