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Effect of fatty acid composition and electrolyte type on the surface activity of bio-based gemini surfactant mixtures
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DOI：10.1016/j.molliq.2026.129635.png)
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Abstract
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• Mixed oleic- and palmitic-based gemini surfactants were systematically investigated. • Fatty-acid composition strongly controls adsorption and surface activity. • MgSO₄ markedly outperforms NaCl in reducing CMC and surface tension. • Oleic-based GS shows higher surface efficiency at low concentrations. • RSM optimization identified conditions yielding surface tension as low as 24–26 mN·m−1.
Keywords:
fatty acid composition
gemini surfactant
surface activity
electrolyte type
response surface methodology
Journal
IF:
5.2
Papers:
2.5W
Citations:
9.0W
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