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Effect of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate on the aerobic granulation process
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DOI：10.1016/j.cherd.2026.07.008.png)
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Abstract
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Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) is a widely used surfactant that may affect the stability of biological wastewater treatment systems. This study evaluated the impact of LAS (10 mg L-1) on aerobic granulation in sequencing batch reactors. While the control reactor achieved successful granulation within 27 days, reaching MLVSS concentrations above 6000 mg L-1 and SVI30/SVI5 ratios higher than 0.8, the LAS-fed reactor failed to granulate, presenting filamentous biomass and low settling capacity. Despite this, LAS removal remained high, reaching 99.0 ± 2.1%. EPS production was significantly higher in the presence of LAS, reaching 376.5 ± 132.3 mg g-1 MLVSS, although this did not result in granulation, suggesting that EPS structural functionality may be more important than EPS quantity alone. LAS exposure also impaired nitrification, reducing ammoniacal nitrogen removal efficiency (68.2 ± 10.3% compared with 99.0 ± 0.8% in the control reactor). In contrast, phosphorus removal was higher in the LAS-fed reactor, possibly associated with physicochemical mechanisms, such as EPS adsorption and biomass washout. These findings demonstrate that LAS exposure affects not only pollutant removal performance, but also the structural stability and granulation behavior of aerobic sludge systems.
Keywords:
Surfactants
aerobic granular sludge
biomass stability
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