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Effects of organic fertilizers on soil properties in arid zones and their mechanism of action
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DOI：10.3389/fenvs.2026.1681958.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
China’s arid and semi-arid regions; encompassing approximately half of the nation’s landmass; exhibit notably poor soil quality compared to other regions. The application of organic fertilizers stands out as a crucial strategy for enhancing soil characteristics; boosting crop yields; improving agricultural product quality; and fostering environmental sustainability in these areas. This practice represents a primary avenue for enhancing cultivated land quality; remediating saline-alkali soil; reducing reliance on chemical fertilizers; and promoting sustainable agricultural practices in China. Organic fertilization plays a pivotal role in advancing the quantity and quality of cultivated land; serving as a key component of the ecological “trinity” protection system. Nevertheless; the diverse array of organic fertilizers available yields varying effects on soil and crops. Overall; the application of organic fertilizers tends to decrease soil pH (especially for initially alkaline soils); with an average reduction of 0.21 units; among which the pH improvement effects on saline-alkaline soils and gray desert soils are particularly prominent; the increase in soil organic carbon (SOC) ranges from 3.82% to 113.3%; it can increase soil electrical conductivity by 18%–35%; and exhibits significant improvement effects on soil bulk density (with an average reduction of 5.2%–22%) and aggregate structure (with an average increase of 49.95%–61.67% in mean weight diameter; MWD); notably; effects such as pH regulation; SOC enhancement; and bulk density reduction are closely related to the type and application rate of organic fertilizers. For crops; the sole application of organic fertilizers can already increase yields; but the combined application of organic fertilizers yields a more significant yield-increasing effect (with an increase range of 4.31%–123.3%). Consequently; this study synthesizes cuttingedge research on organic fertilizers; with a specific focus on their impact on arid soil and underlying mechanisms. By offering theoretical insights; this review aims to inform the judicious application of organic fertilizers in arid regions; while delineating future research directions in this critical domain.
Keywords:
sustainability
agriculture
soil properties
organic fertilizers
arid zones
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