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摘要
En 中文
AbstractThe protist phylum Apicomplexa Levine, 1970, comprises >4000 described species, all obligate parasites, that infect a wide range of vertebrates and invertebrates. Within the phylum, the genusEimeriaSchneider, 1875, (Family Eimeriidae) is the mostspecioselineage (>1800 species) of intracellular parasites found in all classes of vertebrates and some invertebrates. All eimerians have direct life cycles that include both asexual (merogony) and sexual (gamogony) reproduction, the latter resulting in the production of resistant propagules, the oocysts, which are discharged into the environment by the infected host. Endogenous development usually occurs in epithelial or endothelial cells of the intestine or in related structures (e.g. gall bladder, bile ducts, renal tubular epithelium, esophageal epithelium, oviduct epithelium uterine wall epithelium, etc.). Some eimerian species are highly pathogenic, especially in domesticated animals, but some also in wild animal species.Key Concepts:Within the coccidia proper, the Family Eimeriidae comprises about 15 genera, includingEimeria; all are obligate intracellular parasites known to infect every animal group which has been examined for them.Untapped Biodiversity: The genusEimeria, with >1800 described forms, may be the most speciose group of parasites on Earth, but it has been little studied in the Earth's app. 62 150 vertebrate species.It can be estimated that 98.6% (or more) of the coccidian parasites of vertebrates are yet to be discovered, based on what we know through 2010.Our knowledge of the biodiversity of life on Earth is still badly incomplete, especially of the microbes that inhabit the seas, the soils and the bodies of ‘higher’ organisms that live in and on them.Parasitologists, and most other biologists in general, agree that parasites represent a large proportion of all living species and may, in fact, far exceed the total number of all ‘free‐living’ forms.As human population increases and agricultural development continues to shrink/fragment natural ecosystems, food webs will be disrupted and new and more virulent strains of coccidia may be expected, especially when exacerbated by environmental stressors (pollution), global climate change and invasion of new parasites from edge‐dwelling hosts.
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