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Electrochemical Detection of Rutin Using a Modified Carbon Electrode
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DOI：10.1007/s11244-026-02335-9.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
The study focuses on rutin by the voltammetric detection of rutin in an apple juice sample. The bare carbon paste electrode (BCPE) is modified with leucine as a functional modifier to improve film formation and enhance electrochemical performance. The modified electrodes reveal enhanced conductivity, increased electroactive surface area, and rapid electron-proton transfer during the redox reactions. Electrochemical investigation was carried out in a 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at pH 6.7 using a scan rate of 0.1 V/s (SR). Techniques of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) were employed to assess the performance of the electrodes. The fabricated electrodes confirm excellent stability, reproducibility, selectivity, and sensitivity, showing high current response through diffusion-controlled behaviour and low detection limits of 0.017µM (CV), 0.016µM (LSV), and 0.007µM (DPV). Concentration variation and simultaneous analyses were conducted with hydroquinone, along with real sample testing for food formulations, offering a promising platform for the electrochemical detection of apple juice food components.
Keywords:
Voltammetric analysis
Leucine functionalization
Surface modification
Apple juice sample
Electrochemical investigation
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