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Electrode Treatments for Redox Flow Batteries: Translating Our Understanding from Vanadium to Aqueous-Organic
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DOI：10.1002/advs.202307209.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are a promising technology for long-duration energy storage; but they suffer from inefficiencies in part due to the overvoltages at the electrode surface. In this work, more than 70 electrode treatments are reviewed that are previously shown to reduce the overvoltages and improve performance for vanadium RFBs (VRFBs), the most commercialized RFB technology. However, identifying treatments that improve performance the most and whether they are industrially implementable is challenging. This study attempts to address this challenge by comparing treatments under similar operating conditions and accounting for the treatment process complexity. The different treatments are compared at laboratory and industrial scale based on criteria for VRFB performance, treatment stability, economic feasibility, and ease of industrial implementation. Thermal, plasma, electrochemical oxidation, CO2 treatments, as well as Bi, Ag, and Cu catalysts loaded on electrodes are identified as the most promising for adoption in large scale VRFBs. The similarity in electrode treatments for aqueous-organic RFBs (AORFBs) and VRFBs is also identified. The need of standardization in RFBs testing along with fundamental studies to understand charge transfer reactions in redox active species used in RFBs moving forward is emphasized. Electrodes are often treated chemically to mitigate the voltage losses in redox flow batteries (RFBs) and improve RFBs performance. Here, electrode treatments are compared for vanadium-based RFBs under similar operating conditions to identify promising treatments for industrial implementation. Treatments used for aqueous-organic RFBs are the same as VRFBs and an outlook for future research is provided.image
Keywords:
aqueous-organic redox flow batteries
carbon felts
electrocatalysts
electrode treatments
flow batteries
quinones
vanadium
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