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Evidence for early circulation of the M1UK sublineage of Streptococcus pyogenes in Germany, 2015–2023
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DOI：10.1080/22221751.2025.2576587.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Several European countries have reported a rise in invasive Group AStreptococcus(GAS) infections, particularly linked to the toxigenicemm1sublineage M1UK. In Germany, historical molecular data are limited due to the absence of systematic molecular surveillance.
We performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on 189 invasiveStreptococcus pyogenesisolates collected between January 1, 2015, and May 31, 2023, at University Medical Center Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden. Clinical data were extracted from patient records. M1UKsublineage identification was based on 27 characteristic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A Bayesian coalescent analysis estimated the evolutionary timescales of the M1UKclade in Germany.
The most commonemmtype wasemm1(34%, 64/189), followed byemm12,emm4, andemm89. Of the 64emm1isolates, 31 (48%) were M1UK. No significant associations were found between clinical outcomes and M1UKor M1globalgenotypes. Although a post-pandemic shift favouring M1UKwas observed, our analysis indicates that M1UKhad already been circulating in Germany by 2017. The estimated most recent common ancestor dates to 2012 (95% highest posterior density: 2009–2015), with a stable effective population size over time.
Our findings confirm the pre-pandemic circulation of M1UKin Germany. While the clinical impact of M1UKremains unclear, integrating clinical data with high-resolution molecular surveillance may improve early detection of emerging high-risk clones.
Keywords:
Streptococcus pyogenes
group A Streptococcus
GAS
emm-typing
COVID-19 pandemic
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