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Evolution of cyclic behaviour and bonding degradation in strongly bonded Hong Kong marine deposit
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DOI：10.1007/s11440-026-03197-x.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Cyclic behaviour of soils is crucial for various engineering applications, such as seismic analysis of the ground. While previous studies have predominantly addressed unbonded or weakly bonded soils, the cyclic response of strongly bonded soils remains insufficiently explored. In strongly bonded soils, the characteristics and impacts of bonding degradation can differ significantly from those of other soils. This study investigates the cyclic behaviour of binder-treated Hong Kong marine deposit (HKMD) through cyclic unconfined compression tests with different cyclic stress ratios (CSRs) and binder dosages. Macro-scale behaviour was further interpreted using X-ray CT analysis. The measured responses align with the shakedown theory, but only two behaviour regimes (shakedown and collapse) are observed. The stable ratcheting regime, which is commonly reported in unbonded soils, is absent because excessive plastic deformation leads to progressive bonding degradation and eventual collapse. In the shakedown regime, the strongly bonded specimens exhibit narrow hysteresis loops, rapid stabilisation of accumulated plastic strain, and an almost constant resilient modulus with increasing number of cycles, indicating preservation of the cementation bonding structure. In contrast, specimens subjected to higher CSRs enter the collapse regime, characterised by increased hysteresis loops, progressive stiffness degradation with increasing number of cycles, and accelerated accumulation of plastic strain leading to failure. Across all tested HKMD specimens and conditions, a strain increment of 0.04% from 3000 to 5000 cycles (as specified in BS EN 13286-7 [5]) is found to be an effective criterion for distinguishing the shakedown and collapse regimes.
Keywords:
Bonded soil
Cyclic behaviour
Hysteresis
Plastic strain
Resilient modulus
Shakedown
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