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Evolving new genetic codes
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DOI：10.1016/j.tree.2003.11.007.png)
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摘要
En 中文
Although the genetic code is almost universal, natural variations exist that have caused evolutionary biologists to speculate about codon evolution. There are two predominant hypotheses that specify either a gradual (ambiguous intermediate) or stochastic (codon capture) change in the code. These hypotheses are similar to two biotechnology techniques that have been used to engineer the genetic code: a 'top down' approach, in which the whole organism is evolved for the ability to incorporate unnatural amino acids, and a 'bottom up' approach, in which aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and their cognate tRNAs are engineered. The biotechnology experiments provide insights into natural codon evolution, and a combination of these approaches should enable the evolution of organisms that can incorporate unnatural amino acids throughout their proteomes.
Keyword:
TRANSFER-RNA-SYNTHETASE
UNNATURAL AMINO-ACID
SITE-SPECIFIC INCORPORATION
PHOTO-CROSS-LINKING
ESCHERICHIA-COLI
SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY
CODON REASSIGNMENT
IN-VITRO
EVOLUTION
PROTEINS
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