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Experimental investigation on fire behaviors and heat transfer characteristics of continuous fuel leakage on vertical surfaces of obstacles
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DOI：10.1016/j.firesaf.2026.104924.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Fuel leakage during storage and transportation processes poses challenges to the fire safety of industrial systems. Especially when fuel continuously leaks from a vertical surface, the increased flow velocity caused by gravity leads to stronger convection. This paper presents an experimental investigation of the fire behavior of spill fires on a vertical plate. Two fuels (methanol and n-heptane) were used at different leakage rates. The experimental results indicate that methanol forms a stable fuel film structure in an arc shape in the quasi-stable state, while the liquid film structure of n-heptane is disrupted and breaks from the flame front to form many split flames. This phenomenon can be attributed to the reverse heating effect caused by the plate temperature exceeding the fuel temperature. A refined Sherwood number (Sh) is proposed to estimate the fuel burning rate from the perspective of evaporative mass transfer. Additionally, the heat transfer analysis during the quasi-stable stage indicate that the burning process is mainly dominated by the flame convection. Specifically, convection heat accounts for 98% of the total heat transfer in methanol and 95% in n-heptane. Furthermore, approximately 1.5% of the additional convective heat transfer in n-heptane is derived from the plate.
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