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Experimental study on bond behaviour between rubberized recycled aggregate concrete and steel bars
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DOI：10.1016/j.cscm.2026.e06356.png)
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Abstract
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Rubberized recycled aggregate concrete (RRAC) reuses waste rubber and recycled concrete together, bringing prominent environmental benefits. This study fabricated ten groups of pull-out specimens to explore how rubber particles (RPs) ratio, recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) ratio, concrete cover thickness and bond length affect the bond behaviour between RRAC and steel bars. With macroscopic failure observation and regression analysis, this paper analysed the variation of bond strength, slip characteristics, bond stiffness and failure modes, and discussed bond performance macroscopically. A bond strength prediction model was also established. Test results show that 5% RPs reduces bond strength by 47.97% compared with rubber-free concrete. Raising RCA ratio from 0% to 100% offsets the strength loss; the group with 100% RCA (5% RPs) has 113.76% higher bond strength than the 0% RCA group. This improvement is mainly caused by stronger mechanical interlocking from rough RCA surfaces, and its universality needs further verification. The mixture with 5% RPs and 100% RCA shows the best bond performance, presenting Yield-Hardening and Bond Failure and good ductility. Bond length has a strong negative correlation with bond strength and stiffness. Larger concrete cover thickness improves lateral confinement, thus raising bond strength and slightly increasing bond stiffness. A bond stress-slip constitutive model and its parameter calculation formulas were built from test data. Cross-validation (LOOCV R² = 0.828) proves the bond strength model has no obvious overfitting and stable performance in the test range. Verification using 63 sets of published data confirms the model is reliable for RRAC, and its calculated curves match test results well within test parameters. This study also preliminarily analysed the development length of steel bars in RRAC. The results provide test data and empirical references for RRAC engineering use, while further verification is needed before applying these findings to design codes.
Keywords:
RRAC
Bond strength
Constitutive model
Development length
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