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From classical to soft computing based watermarking techniques: A comprehensive review
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AI
DOI：10.1016/j.future.2022.12.015.png)
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With evolution of digital technology, it is challenging to protect personal data from access without consent. Digital watermarking conceals some information as watermark to protect from unautho-rized users while granting access to authorized users. This paper presents a detailed review of existing watermarking techniques belonging to spatial domain and frequency domain. Moreover, a detailed discussion on the meta-heuristic-based watermarking techniques is included which focuses on performing optimal watermarking. For a digital watermarking technique, the basic characteristics, application area, watermarking attacks, quality assessment metrics and challenges are presented. Furthermore, experimental evaluation of existing watermarking techniques is conducted for qualitative and quantitative analysis on gray-scale image dataset as well as video dataset. Finally, this paper highlights research challenges for the future research. Therefore, this study may be an alternative tool for researchers in designing an efficient watermarking techniques while solving a real-world applications.(c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keyword:
Multimedia
Digital watermarking
Scaling factor
Spatial domain
Frequency domain
Meta-heuristic
期刊
F
IF:
6.1
论文数:
6.9K
被引数:
2.3W
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