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From cosmetic to catalyst: ascorbyl magnesium phosphate as a green catalyst for the efficient synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes under mild conditions
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DOI：10.1515/gps-2025-0193.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Ascorbyl magnesium phosphate (AMP), a biocompatible and commercially available derivative of vitamin C, is introduced as a green and multifunctional catalyst for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes (BIMs). AMP operates through a cooperative Lewis-Br & oslash;nsted activation mode, the central Mg2+ polarizes the aldehyde carbonyl, while the surrounding phosphate-ascorbate framework offers both hydrogen-bond stabilization and mild redox buffering. Under solvent-free heating, microwave irradiation, or methanolic conditions at room temperature (rt), AMP efficiently catalyzes the Friedel-Crafts alkylation of indoles with a wide variety of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, affording BIM analogs in yields of up to 96 %. Computational studies reveal that solvent competition, particularly with methanol, plays a key role in controlling substrate access to the Mg2+ site and modulating the catalytic activity. Moreover, partial solvent evaporation facilitates the transition to a fully activated catalytic regime. This bio-derived catalytic system provides a non-toxic, recyclable, and operationally simple alternative to conventional mineral acids and metal catalysts, highlighting the potential of vitamin-based metal phosphates as sustainable promoters for C-C bond formation and green heterocycle synthesis.
Keywords:
bis(indolyl)methanes
ascorbyl magnesium phosphate
green catalysis
Lewis-Br & oslash
nsted dual activation
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