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From field experiments to virtual environments: A comparative validation of desktop VR for evacuation dynamics
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DOI：10.1016/j.physa.2026.131761.png)
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Abstract
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Desktop Virtual Reality (DVR) provides a scalable platform for studying pedestrian evacuation, but its behavioral validity requires systematic assessment. This study evaluates a multi-user DVR platform by replicating field experiments on both movement dynamics and decision-making. The results demonstrate scope-dependent validity. DVR effectively reproduced key cognitive behaviors, such as stress-guidance interactions and social influence, confirming its utility for investigating tactical evacuation problems. However, the platform showed inherent limitations in replicating fine-grained movement dynamics, particularly the speed-density relationship at higher densities, due to simplified avatar physics and discrete control. Furthermore, a narrower field of view in DVR increased participants' reliance on guidance and prolonged decision times compared to real-world settings. These findings delineate the applicable scope of DVR as a complementary tool rather than a universal substitute for field experiments and provide clear guidance for its future technical refinement.
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