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Functional heterogeneity of macrophages in distinct niches of hepatocellular carcinoma
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DOI：10.1016/j.it.2026.06.009.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Tumor-associated macrophages in hepatocellular carcinoma exhibit remarkable spatial heterogeneity, shaped by distinct tumor microenvironment niches. The fibrotic invasive margin, perivascular niche, hypoxic/necrotic area, and cancer stem cell niche each harbor functionally distinct tumor-associated macrophages. Tumor-associated macrophages orchestrate immunosuppression, angiogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and cancer stem cell maintenance through niche-specific signaling programs. Broadly targeting tumor-associated macrophages has yielded limited clinical benefit; spatially informed, biomarker-guided strategies are needed. Emerging modalities, including chimeric antigen receptor macrophages, bispecifics, nanoparticles, and in vivo engineering, offer new routes for precision myeloid targeting.
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