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Hardware-Efficient Compensation of Transmitter and Receiver IQ Imbalance for Coherent Optical Transmission
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DOI：10.1109/jlt.2026.3703430.png)
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Abstract
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In this paper, a low-complexity scheme for dual-polarization 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (DP-16QAM) transceiver IQ imbalance compensation is proposed, which reduces the effects of in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) imbalance. This scheme enables the use of existing clock recovery loops and equalizers to probe the transceiver IQ skew. For transceiver IQ skew estimation, the receiver(RX) IQ skew is estimated by a clock recovery algorithm based on Gardner's timing error detection(GSMA), and the transmitter(TX) IQ skew is estimated by finding the value that yields the lowest equalizer error(Scanning delay algorithm, SDA). To address transmitter IQ amplitude/phase imbalance, we propose a low-complexity MIMO equalizer. It comprises a butterfly CV-MIMO and a non-butterfly two-layer real-valued MIMO based on a multimodulus algorithm (TMMA-RV-MIMO). For convenience, the new equalizer is called C-R AEQ. A 100 km transmission simulation and experiment with 36 Gbaud DP-16QAM signals showed that, with the TX/RX IQ skew estimation, the estimation error is less than 0.8/0.25 ps. Under IQ imbalance conditions, the C-R AEQ provides a 0.5 dB Q-factor gain compared with the 4 × 4 MIMO equalizer. In the absence of IQ imbalance, the C-R AEQ incurs a 0.3 dB Q penalty compared with the 4 × 4 MIMO equalizer. Furthermore, the C-R AEQ achieves a 47<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> reduction in real multiplications compared with the 4 × 4 MIMO equalizer.
Keywords:
Adaptive equalization
coherent optical transmission
hardware efficient
IQ imbalance
low complexity
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