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Hepatic encephalopathy
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DOI：10.1038/s41572-022-00366-6.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Hepatic encephalopathy is a neuropsychiatric syndrome that occurs in patients with liver disease. This Primer discusses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy, and discusses how this disorder affects the quality of life of patients. Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a prognostically relevant neuropsychiatric syndrome that occurs in the course of acute or chronic liver disease. Besides ascites and variceal bleeding, it is the most serious complication of decompensated liver cirrhosis. Ammonia and inflammation are major triggers for the appearance of HE, which in patients with liver cirrhosis involves pathophysiologically low-grade cerebral oedema with oxidative/nitrosative stress, inflammation and disturbances of oscillatory networks in the brain. Severity classification and diagnostic approaches regarding mild forms of HE are still a matter of debate. Current medical treatment predominantly involves lactulose and rifaximin following rigorous treatment of so-called known HE precipitating factors. New treatments based on an improved pathophysiological understanding are emerging.
Keywords:
CRITICAL FLICKER FREQUENCY
CHRONIC LIVER-FAILURE
QUALITY-OF-LIFE
PROTEIN-TYROSINE NITRATION
MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL
CULTURED RAT ASTROCYTES
HUMAN CEREBRAL-CORTEX
REACTION-TIMES METHOD
CIRRHOTIC-PATIENTS
Journal
N
IF:
60.6
Papers:
645
Citations:
3.8W
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