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How mechanical forces shape the developing eye
DOI:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.01.004.png)
摘要
En 中文
In the vertebrate embryo, the eyes develop from optic vesicles that grow laterally outward from the brain tube and contact the overlying surface ectoderm. Within the region of contact, each optic vesicle and the surface ectoderm thicken to form placodes, which then invaginate to create the optic cup and lens pit, respectively. Eventually, the optic cup becomes the retina, while the lens pit closes to form the lens vesicle. Here, we review current hypotheses for the physical mechanisms that create these structures and present novel three-dimensional computer (finite-element) models to illustrate the plausibility and limitations of these hypotheses. Taken together, experimental and numerical results suggest that the driving forces for early eye morphogenesis are generated mainly by differential growth, actomyosin contraction, and regional apoptosis, with morphology mediated by physical constraints provided by adjacent tissues and extracellular matrix. While these studies offer new insight into the mechanics of eye development, future work is needed to better understand how these mechanisms are regulated to precisely control the shape of the eye. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keyword:
Morphogenesis
Optic vesicle
Optic cup
Lens
Biomechanics
Computational model
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Eye morphogenesis driven by epithelial flow into the optic cup facilitated by modulation of bone morphogenetic protein
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